In 1912 the Balkan states - Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro formed an alliance in order to expel the Turkish administrative and military authorities from the Balkans. After expelling the Turks from Macedonia during the First Balkan War (1912/13), the occupation interests of the allied countries towards Macedonia caused another war among the allied states - The Second Balkan War (1913). Consequently, it wasn’t taken into consideration the prospective autonomy of Macedonia. The aspiration of the neighbouring countries were advocated by the Great Powers which protected their own interests.

Taking into consideration the Bucharest Peace Treaty of August 1913, the partition of Macedonia was executed resulting into hard and long-term consequences concerning the uniqueness of the ethnic tissue of the Macedonian people and the territorial entity of Macedonia. In accordance with the Treaty, Greece has grabbed the Southern Macedonia with the coast (Aegean Macedonia), Serbia - the Northern and the Middle Macedonia (Vardar Macedonia) and Bulgaria - the Eastern Macedonia (Pirin Macedonia) This partition caused new and more emphasized national, political, economic, cultural and economic oppressions of the Macedonian people.

The representatives of the Macedonian people, organized into the Macedonian colony in St. Petersburg, sent memoranda and appeals to the government of the Great Powers, Balkan states and to the European public asking to prevent the partition of Macedonia and her constitution into a liberated and independent state within the ethnic and geographical limits.

During the World War I the Macedonian people suffered occupations, military destructions and partitions. Serbia recruited forcibly 53.000 Macedonians, Bulgaria - 33.000 and Greece - 20.000. The bandits’ actions and the military clashes between Serbia and Greece, on the part of Entente and Bulgaria, on the part of the Central Forces concerning Macedonia, especially the great military operations on the Macedonian territory, were the cause of hard consequences for the Macedonian people. The both - occupiers performed requisition and plunder on the national treasure, practisized mass forced labour, deportation and repression. The Macedonian people offered different forms of resistance: hiding goods, desertion from the military units, passing in the underground etc.

During the war a great number of towns and villages such as: Bitola (Monastir), Seres, Lerin (Florina), Dojran etc., suffered terrible. Famine, wasteland and contagious diseases prevailed in Macedonia.

The new partition of Macedonia offered the Macedonian people larger national and political oppression.

The Macedonians abroad, organized themselves into political organizations and associations, sent appeals and memoranda to the government of the Great Powers, the Paris Peace Conference and the World publicity, acquainting them with the conditions and the endeavours of the Macedonian people asking for solution of the Macedonian national and governmental question. They clearly declared to the world that the Macedonian people are determined to constitute Macedonia as a free, united and independent state on the Balkans.

The activity of the Macedonian associations in Switzerland, united into a General Council was significant. They asked the governments of the Great Powers to give the Macedonian people the opportunity of self-determination and independence according to the "Fourteen Points" of the American president W. Wilson.

The Macedonian emigration in Bulgaria, represented by the revolutionary leaders of Seres, in 1918 issued a Declaration asking for an autonomy of Macedonia within her ethnic and geographic borders as an equal members of the Prospective Balkan Federation. In 1919 a group of Macedonians established The Provisional Agency of the former VMRO, led by Gj.Petrov, D.Hadji Dimov, M.Atsev and others. The Agency sent an Appeal endeavouring the establishment of the independent Macedonia as a state of neutral status under the international protectorate. The Agency sent a delegation at the Paris Peace Conference.

In 1917 the Macedonian intellectuals of St. Petersburg, led by D.Chupovski, founded a Macedonian Revolutionary Committee endeavouring the establishment of the Balkan Democratic Federative Republic, in which the Republic of Macedonia, independent and united, would be an equal member of the federation.